Here's a detailed brake down of the most F1 car parts. There are a few more of course. For example, if we would disassemble the engine itself to it's individual parts. But this should give you a more detailed insight into the F1 car construct:
Every year, the FIA decides, if some parts are going to be banned, have to be changed or new ones have to be integrated for the next season, due to potential security concerns, accidents or for a more fair competition between the racing stalls.